NO problems of soil science have proved more difficult than those concerning the nature and functions of soil humus. The early work of Sprengel and Berzelius yielded a long list of humic and other ...
Humus is highly recalcitrant, and this resistance to decomposition leads to a long residence time in soil. Plant debris is less recalcitrant, resulting in a much shorter residence time in soil.
For clay, it can be a game-changer. Organic matter is basically anything that decomposes and adds humus to your soil. Compost, animal manures, peat, lawn clippings, straw, wood chips, cardboard, leaf ...