Every gas has a critical temperature above which it cannot be liquefied by application of pressure alone (Chapter 4). As a result, gases used, e.g., as an inert medium to reduce oxygen content of ...

All cryogenic liquids are gases at normal temperatures and pressures. Different cryogens become liquids under different conditions of temperature and pressure, but all have two properties in common: ...

Numerous liquid cryogens are also used as fuel in aerospace applications. Additionally, many laboratories use cryogenic equipment for technology and electronics testing.

The use of stored cryogens has been the preferred method for cryogenic cooling of a wide variety of scientific payloads during the past 30 years. In the future, other programs will rely on the same ...

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With its high homogeneity permanent magnet and outstanding temperature stability, X-Pulse can be easily placed in a lab without the need for liquid cryogens. Standard 5 mm NMR tubes or the simple flow ...

Although extracutaneous complications and melanoma can occur, they are uncommon, and most patients with nevus of Ota suffer from the psychological impact of cosmetic disfigurement. Before laser ...

The OptistatDry Cryofree series of cryostats for spectroscopy helps to cool samples to helium temperatures without using liquid cryogens. It consists of a range of compact cryostats with optical ...

In addition, the permanent magnet eliminates the need for cryogens and weekly servicing. Five Gauss lines are also contained in the enclosure. The next-generation Nanalysis 60PRO benchtop NMR enhances ...

The NMReady-60™ was the first full-feature portable NMR spectrometer in a single compact enclosure requiring no liquid helium or any other cryogens. The Company has followed up that initial offering ...