This breeding process might take five to nine years to complete in corn, depending on the number of backcrosses required to introgress the transgene into an elite genetic background (see Fig.

Testing the environmental safety of new varieties in a rigorous way requires that many genotypes and backcrosses be ecologically monitored in a large number of environments for many years.

By conducting a complex series of “backcrosses” between the two Peromyscus species and their resulting hybrids, Tilghman and her colleagues sought to determine whether disruption of imprinting affects ...